Kids and Cars - Making Them Safer

"Safety First"the rear of the vehicle. The American Academy
It sounds good when an auto maker wants to sellof Pediatrics says keep the child facing the rear
you a family car. But what is the truth? Autoof the car until the highest weight or height
safety has not put children first, second, or evenallowed by the seat. That can include children up
third when it comes to safety. We know thisto 35 pounds. Often parents rely on instruction
from the numbers of children killed and injured inmanuals for convertible car seat, which are used
auto accidents and the lawsuits that are filed onfacing the front of the car or the rear. Frequently
their behalf.these instructions say only those infants who
First it is important to remember that everyoneweigh 20 pounds or under should face rearward.
seems to be wearing their seat belts more oftenSeat Belts
with the national compliance around 85%. AndTwenty years ago, an automaker investigated
laws have required child seats for youngsters andhow to best protect children sitting in the
infants. Graduated driving licenses restrict newbackseat in a collision. First, they found that seat
drivers' hours on the road and that has helpedbelts must fit. Second, they must perform as
reduce fatalities among teens.promised. It took subsequent committees and
All of that is good, but it does not take a look toorecommendations before these recommendations
many years back to see how little thought haswere adopted.
been put into keeping children safe in anThe five-point harness was developed to restrain
automobile.children by accommodating their size. While
Booster Seatsfive-point harnesses appear in infant seats, by the
Take for example booster seats. When a childtime a child is 40 pounds or older, fewer child
weighs between 40 to 80 pounds, most say theyseats or booster seats offer them. The five-point
are too old for a child seat. Most parents agree.harness works just as well for the older child.
But the truth is that their small bodies are notAfter all, don't they work for race car drivers?
what seat belts were designed to hold. ChildrenAlthough they are not widely available integrated
between 40 and 80 pounds, or children belowbooster seats come with a built-in harness that
four feet, nine inches, need to be in a boostercan accommodate kids up to 80 pounds. Many
seat to ensure that seat belts can work to keepfeature harness protection and offer a fold-down
them secure. But there is no legislation in manyplatform, in essence a built in booster seat.
states recognizing that need. As a result, mostOn the flip side, an ill-fitting seat belt is often
parents are unaware that they are putting theirfound behind the shoulder of a child. For years,
children in potential jeopardy.even safety advocates said that was okay. That
By 1974, the front seat drivers and passengers inthinking has changed. The shoulder belt should
autos were required to have a lap and shouldernever be placed behind the shoulder because it
belt. What happened to children riding in the back?simply does not work.
They got only lap belts. Fast forward to theWhether the child uses a booster sear or not, the
1990s when rear seats were required to have lapbest is supposed to hit the hard bones of the
and shoulder belts in the left and right rear seat.body such as the hip and shoulder. When it does
Believe it or not, the middle seat lap only beltsnot fit properly, in a crash the child can cause a
were still commonplace as recently as the 2008"roll out" injury. The child rolls out of the belt and
model year.as a result can severely injure internal organs
Adjustable straps, which clearly would help bettersuch as the abdomen or the neck. An ill-fitting
fit little people were offered to adults in the frontseat belt can also cause a child to "submarine" or
seat by the mid 1990s. No so for the backseat.slide under the belt which can lead to fatal injuries
Car Seatsor paralysis.
There has been no product more recalled thanWhat would make the difference?
child seats. Reputable organization, ConsumerSolutions to ill-fitting seat belts include adjustable
Reports has shown many car seats are just plainupper anchors that be fitted to children:
ineffective in certain kinds of accidents.- Anchoring the upper shoulder belt to the area
Have you heard of infant carrier seats where thebehind the back seat rather than on the side pillar.
handle does not snap into the unit, throwing the- An anti-submarining seat keeps a child snug in
baby to the ground? That has not been the onlythe seat.
problem. It's estimated that up to 90 percent of- Adult seat belts in the front have something
infant seats are installed incorrectly. And your localcalled, pretensioners, that allow for adjustment.
car dealer or fire department may not knowInstalling them in child seats cost about the price
about all of the different models. It is best to useof two Happy Meals, about $7.
a certified child seat technician and make sure the- Reduce additional webbing that stops a child
seat fits properly in your vehicle.before they engage in the full frontal force of a
That problem is partially due to the lack ofcrash allows their momentum to slow sooner in a
standardization. Europe has resolved the problemfront crash.
by requiring the same standard mountingWhat will this take? A serous education campaign
hardware that tethers the seat at the top andto keep kids buckled up until 80 pounds. Primary
bottom. There is also little training for parents inenforcement laws so that caregivers can be
how to correctly install the infant seats. In the U.S.stopped for no other offense than the child is
they are tethered at the bottom and some seatsimproperly restrained. And a standardization of
can break apart from the seat base, sending thesafety features for all types of cars, not just high
seat and baby sailing.end ones, so parents can know that automakers
Facing the Rearare serious about kids riding safely in cars.
Conventional wisdom is that infants should face