Suspension Alignment: Understanding and Adjusting Camber

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Camber is probably the most useful and popularThe only drawback to negative camber is
alignment adjustment that can be made to aincreased wear on the inside of each tire. Since
street car. The other alignment adjustments arethe top of the wheel is leaned in, the car is riding
toe and caster, which I have covered inon the inside of the tire while it is on
accompanying articles. Camber is the angle of thestraightaways. In a corner, suspension travel and
wheel from the vertical as viewed from the frontlateral forces on the tire’s rubber
or the back of the car. Negative camber meanscompound combine to straighten the tire relative
that the top of the wheel is leaned in towards theto the ground. Therefore, the car rides evenly on
car, and positive camber means that the top ofthe tire in turns, which improves cornering ability.
the wheel is leaned out away from the car.However, extra time spent driving on the inside
Maximum cornering force is achieved when theof the tire causes that part of the tire to heat up
camber of the outside wheels relative to theand wear. This effect is small if you avoid adding
ground is about -0.5 degrees. A slight negativetoo much negative camber.
camber in a turn maximizes the tire contact patchOn most street cars (which use a MacPherson
due to the way the tire deforms under lateralStrut front suspension), camber is not easily
load. Hence, it is good to have some negativeadjustable. However, if you choose to purchase
camber to increase cornering force.aftermarket camber plates, you can set camber
Another reason why it is helpful to align yourto improve handling. More negative camber tends
suspension with a slight negative camber is thatto increase tire grip in corners. Therefore, if your
camber will change with suspension travel andcar experiences understeer, you can decrease
body roll. Most suspension systems are designedfront camber (make it more negative) to improve
so that camber increases with more suspensionfront grip or increase rear camber (make it more
travel. However, camber relative to the car'spositive) to decrease rear grip. Remember not to
chassis is not the same thing as camber relativeadd too much negative or positive camber since it
to the ground. It is camber relative to the groundwill decrease the life of your tires and may cause
that affects handling. Therefore, even thougha blowout. Even pure race cars rarely use more
camber relative to the chassis is made tothan about 3 degrees of camber. As with any
increase, camber relative to the ground mayadjustments, make camber changes in small
actually decrease on the outside wheels if there isincrements, and make sure to test the setup so
substantial body roll. To counter this tendency, it isthat you can see the results from each specific
important to use negative camber and to controlchange.